Enjoying an evening out with friends, we started talking about Kennedy's burial service. It was mentioned that he was going to be buried at Arlington and recieve a 21-gun salute. Of course we all had different opinions on what a 21-gun salute meant. Below is what I have found in researching the meaning. Was a little surprised by what I found.
21-gun saluteThis article is about the cannon salute. For the three-shot rifle salute given at military and law enforcement funerals, see
3-volley salute.
Gun salutes are the firing of cannons or arms as a (military or naval) honour.
The custom originates in naval tradition, where a warship would fire its cannons harmlessly out to sea, until all ammunition was spent, to show that it was disarmed, signifying the lack of hostile intent.
As naval customs evolved 21 volleys came to be fired for heads of state, with the number decreasing with the rank of the recipient of the honour. Multiples of 21-gun salutes may be fired for particularly important celebrations.
3-volley saluteThe 3-volley salute is a ceremonial act performed at
military and
police funerals as part of the
drill and ceremony of the Honor Guard. It consists of a rifle party firing
blank cartridges into the air three times. The custom originates from the European dynastic wars, where the fighting ceased for the dead and wounded to be removed, then three shots were fired into the air to signal that the battle could resume.
[1]A rifle party usually has an
odd number of members, from 3 to 7. The firearm used is typically a
rifle, but at some
police funerals,
shotguns or
handguns are used. The party usually stands so that the muzzles are pointed over the casket, or some distance away if the funeral attendees are too close to it. If the service is being performed indoors, the firing party stands outside the building, often near the front entrance.
[2] On the command of the
NCO-in-charge, the party raises their weapons and fires three times in unison.
[2]Modern United States military parties use modified
M1,
M14 or
M16 rifles with their
semi-automatic gas action disabled, as manually cycling weapon between shots is part of the drill.
[2] The M1 and M14 are generally preferred over the current issue M16 because the appearance of these older rifles is more traditional and the charging handles are more easily operated in a dignified, ceremonial manner.
The three-volley salute is not to be confused with the
21-gun salute (or 19-gun or 17-gun, etc) which uses a
battery of
artillery piecesA myth common in the United States of America relative to the origin of this tradition is that the year 1776 inspired the 21-gun salute because the sum of the digits in 1776 is 21 (i.e., 1+7+7+6 = 21). However, this is not true. Beginning in the colonial period, the United States fired one shot for each state in the Union as its national salute. This practice was partly a result of usage, because
John Paul Jones saluted France with 13 guns at
Quiberon Bay in 1778 when the
Stars and Stripes received its first salute. The practice was not officially authorized until 1810, when the
United States Department of War declared the number of rounds fired in the 'National Salute' to be equivalent to the number of states -- which, at the time was 17. The tradition continued until 1841 when it was reduced from 26 to 21.
This information was found at Wikipedia.